PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a group of symptoms including irregular menstrual cycles, elevated androgens such as testosterone or unwanted hair growth (hirsutism), and the presence of multiple follicles on the ovaries giving the ovaries a polycystic appearance. Individuals with PCOS often have high anti-mullerian hormone levels (AMH) and high antral follicle counts on ultrasound. The resulting hormone imbalances cause dysfunctional ovulation, irregular menstrual cycles, and infertility.
Other symptoms of PCOS include acne, weight gain, excessive hair growth, mood changes, and insulin resistance. Treatment for PCOS typically involves lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and exercising regularly. Birth control pills are used to regulate the menstrual cycle and lower androgen levels. Insulin sensitizing medications can help with weight loss and regulating menstrual cycles. For women trying to conceive, ovulation induction and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments are utilized. In general, women with PCOS have high ovarian reserve; therefore, they respond well to fertility treatments and have a favorable prognosis.